Various Forces such as those arising from weight, earthquake, wind, waves, hydrostatic and hydrodynamic forces affect the structure of RADIAL Gate. The calculation and analysis of RADIAL Gate affected by each of these forces are important matters, which are of special importance in relation to the strength and durability of the gate structure.In this paper, as a case study, effort has been made to optimize the specifications of Karkheh dam’s RADIAL Gate against forces applied to it.The purpose of optimization analysis is minimize or maximize the goal functions for stiffness, natural frequency, structural energy, etc to find the best shape for RADIAL gate. In this method, the optimized parameter is material distribution.The finite element model developed with goal functions and constraints and so the problem is solved.In this research, the first order method algorithm is used. The dimensions of Karkheh dam RADIAL gate are optimized with optimization module of ANSYS 10.0 software. The reduction of structure weight (about 1.8 percent) is optimized in seventh record. The best safety factor is obtained in this record and the value of it is 6.45.

This article aims to review the book “, Noam Chomsky: NATURE and language”, , edited by Adriana Belletti and Luigi Rizzi. Despite all the ups and downs during the past seven decades, generative grammar is still recognized as the dominant language studies approach, particularly in North America. In the course of this book, first, a general outline of generative grammar is introduced. It follows by roots of the generative theory language, its prospects, and the challenges ahead. It then continues with an interview with Noam Chomsky done by the editors of the volume, raising critical issues about generative linguistics and the future of the theory. This article includes an overview of theoretical linguistics, emphasizing the evolution of generative grammar. Next, the structure and content of the book are examined, followed by an evaluation of the appearance and content. At the end of the article, the overall view on this book is concluded.

Background: RADIAL keratotomy is a major type of refractive surgery. This study was performed to determine the association of visual evoked potential (VEP) and RADIAL keratotomy. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive-comparative survey, 25 patients under RADIAL keratotomy attending to Basir Clinic in 2014 and 2015 were enrolled and the VEP results, including voltage and latency, were determined and compared with 25 control subjects. Results: The mean voltage was 5.6 ± 2.0 microvolt and 6.0 ± 2.2 microvolt in case and control groups, respectively (P>0.05). Mean latency duration was 95.7 ± 6.1 millisecond and 95.6 ± 5.7 millisecond in case and control groups, respectively (P>0.05). Conclusion: Totally, according to the obtained results, it may be concluded that there is no significant association between visual evoked potential and RADIAL keratotomy. Keywords: VEP, Refractory surgery, RADIAL keratotomy.

Due to the high approximation power and simplicity of computation of smooth RADIAL basis functions (RBFs), in recent decades they have received much attention for function approximation. These RBFs contain a shape parameter that regulates their approximation power and stability but its optimal selection is challenging. To avoid this difficulty, this paper follows a novel and computationally efficient strategy to propose a space of RADIAL polynomials with even degree that well approximates flat RBFs. The proposed space, $\mathcal{H}_n$, is the shifted RADIAL polynomials of degree $2n$. By obtaining the dimension of $\mathcal{H}_n$ and introducing a basis set, it is shown that $\mathcal{H}_n$ is considerably smaller than $\mathcal{P}_{2n}$ while the distances from RBFs to both $\mathcal{H}_n$ and $\mathcal{P}_{2n}$ are nearly equal. For computation, by introducing new basis functions, two computationally efficient approaches are proposed. Finally, the presented theoretical studies are verified by the numerical results.

Background: TransRADIAL access is one of the main access techniques in angiography. This method is technically more difficult as it is associated with RADIAL artery occlusion. RADIAL artery cannulation from the dorsal surface of the hand in the snuffbox area has been introduced as a suitable solution to overcome some of the disadvantages of the standard RADIAL artery method. This study was conducted to compare the incidence of RADIAL artery occlusion and other complications in the two methods. Methods: This study was conducted on 100 patients Who were referred to the Imam Hospital in Ahvaz from 22 September 2020 to 19 Mach 2021. 50 patients underwent angiography with normal RADIAL artery access and 50 patients underwent snuffbox angiography. Basic characteristics including age, sex, underlying disease (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia), family history of coronary artery disease, medical history including chronic coronary artery disease, stable ischemic heart disease, smoking, and LVEF, and also the length of hospital stay was also collected and recorded. All subjects in the two groups underwent RADIAL artery ultrasound in the forearm and snuffbox 24 hours after angiography. Also, angiographic complications including RADIAL artery occlusion (thrombosis), pain, hematoma and anesthesia were recorded. Results: In the present study, the mean age in the two groups was similar (about 50-60 years). The distribution of sex, diabetes, weight, height and blood pressure was homogeneous in both groups. There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of thrombosis and pain between the two groups. The results of this study showed that in the snuffbox angiography group, the number of uncomplicated cases was significantly more than the RADIAL angiography group and in the snuffbox angiography group, the number of postoperative pain and thrombosis cases was significantly lower. The length of hospital stay in the Snuffbox group was shorter than the RADIAL group, but there was no statistically significant difference. Conclusion: Snuffbox angiography has fewer complications compared to the usual transRADIAL method, so it can be used as a safe method for angiography.

One of the major problems in Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is to determine the projection of inefficient Decision Making Units (DMUs) into the efficient frontier. In conventional DEA models, inputs and outputs of inefficient DMUs alter arbitrarily for reaching to the efficient frontier. Nevertheless, sometimes the ability of DMUs is defined and restricted. Moreover, there are situations in the real world applications that limited resources exist. Therefore, in these cases inputs and outputs cannot vary irrationally. Actually, there are pre-specified alteration levels of inputs and outputs. For this purpose, the current study proposes DEA-based models, RADIAL and non-RADIAL models, to evaluate the relative efficiency of DMUs with restricted input and output variables. Furthermore, non-RADIAL super-efficiency models are extended for ranking efficient DMUs. An example from the banking sector is used to illustrate the proposed approach.

Four important ways of religious education in the field of beliefs are inferred in this article through the NATURE of religion in the Holy Quran. We have examined two categories of “NATURE of religion” and “methods of religious education” for this purpose. All verses including the root of “د ـ ی ـ ن” (religion) have been investigated in order to properly understand the NATURE of religion in the Holy Quran. Then, we have benefited from the inference method to find the ways of religious education in the Holy Quran. In the inferential method, we have reached the “conclusion”, which is the method of religious education by using two premises, “normative” and “realistic”. The solutions of the Holy Quran to achieve the methods of religious education are explained in the following. For example, using the Scriptures directly to know the right actions is one of the solutions of the Holy Quran to reach the way of believing in the punishment of deeds. The achievement of religious education methods through discovering the NATURE of religion and explaining the purpose of education on the one hand and using the inferential method as a research method on the other hand is one of the innovations of this research. The achievements of this paper can be used to provide an educational theoretical model for formal and public education system.

To compare the results of RADIAL keratotomt an LASIK in low to medium myopia (1-7.5D). It was a randomized clinical trial study which was done on 136 eyes between 1998-1999. They were referred to Feiz hospital and Bassir clinic and were divided to two groups. The first group was 66 eyes which was operated by RK method and the second group 70 eyes was operated by LASIK technical post operatively for 6 months both group were examined regarding the remained amount of astigmatism, myopia or hyperopia and visual acuity. Post operatively 50% (33 eyes) the RK group and 74.3% (52 eyes) of LASIK with pre operatively simple myopia were emmetropic. 30.3% (20 eyes) of the Rk group and 8.6% (6 eyes) of the LASIK group with preoperatively simple myopia were undercorvected. 19.7% (13 eyes) of the RK group and 17.1% (12 eyes) of the LASIK group with preoperatively simple myopia were over corrected. 21.3% (10 eyes) in RK group and 50% (30 eyes) in LASIK group with preoperativly astigmatism became emmetropic. 42.6% (20 eyes) in RK group, 33.2% (20 eyes) in LASIK group with preoperatively astigmatism had residual astigmatism. 36.2% (17 eyes) in Rk. Group, 16.7% (10 eyes) in LASIK group with preoperatively astigmatism had induced astigmatism. Comparing lasik technique to RK, LASIK is safer, more predictable and needs less reoperation.      

Background: Congenital RADIAL club hand (RCH), as a rare congenital deformity of the upper extremity, is characterized by a wide spectrum of malformations including RADIAL deviation. Centralization surgery is the standard treatment for severe cases that have been associated with a high rate of recurrence. This study reports the long-term results and recurrence rate of RADIAL deviation following the centralization surgery of RCH. Methods: The medical records of 13 congenital RCH patients (16 hands), who underwent centralization surgery, were reviewed retrospectively. Hand-forearm angle (HFA), hand-forearm position (HFP), and ulnar bow (UB) were used to assess forearm angles. Results: The mean age of the patients was 19. 4± 8. 9 months, and their mean follow-up was 62. 1± 39. 9 months. The mean HFA correction was 29. 4° ± 23. 9° , the mean HFA recurrence was 13. 3° ± 13. 7° , the mean correction of HFP was 13. 4± 7. 3 mm, and the mean recurrence of HFP was 1. 4± 2. 8 mm. The mean UB showed 7. 6° ± 12. 5° correction immediately after surgery and a further 3. 6° ± 7. 3° at the last follow-up (overall 11. 2° ± 17. 6° ). A number of 12 out of 13 parents were completely satisfied with the results. Conclusion: According to our results, an acceptable long-term result is expected after the centralization surgery of RCH. However, the risk of the recurrent RADIAL deviation is high and needs to be optimized in future investigations.